Fashion marketing Prada and Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Style showcasing Prada and Zara - Essay Example The paper Style showcasing Prada and Zara dissects the design brand of Prada and Zara and its advertising. Zara is a brand of design under the Inditex Group. Amancio Ortega made the brand in 1975 from when it has utilized clear methodologies to beat the tight rivalry and addition world acknowledgment. The organization blossoms with advancement, for the most part concocting new ideas that pioneer the business patterns. The organization utilizes worthwhile techniques, deciding not to publicize its items and channel the assets to different ventures. Since its commencement, the organization has encountered colossal development and has a huge piece of the overall industry in the design business. Most economic scientists consider the brand a staggering contender and the inclusion of this item is wide, serving markets everywhere throughout the world. Zara and Prada have significant contrasts in activity and associations, which separately lead to their prosperity. Zara is an autonomous retai ler, liking to open stores in the greater part of the urban communities where they want to get the most clients. The organization doesn't utilize any notices for the items or stores, dissimilar to Prada, for the most part liking to use the assets to open more stores and build up the business to fulfill the ever-changing needs in the design business. Be that as it may, the organization may likewise like to utilize diversifying strategies as the course of extension when the lawful necessities preclude the organization to open freely claimed stores. The diversified stores work simply like the other organization claimed stores.

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Premature birth - Essay Example ay quickly present the case first and afterward proceed onward to comprehend the legitimate system pertinent to the case followed by basic contentions for the two sides, moral standards, code of morals to be trailed by social laborers lastly hostile to oppressive practices so as to demonstrate that the little youngster who is the casualty for our situation, reserved the option to premature birth and I, as the medical caretaker she counseled will undoubtedly prompt moreover. The case alluded here is that of a multi year old who becomes pregnant inadvertently. She lives with her dark Christian guardians who are against premature birth in their points of view and don't know about this. Consequently she connected with a medical attendant at school so as to comprehend what her choices were about end of her pregnancy. She was experiencing upset emotional well-being. Let us currently banter whereupon choice I, as the attendant (pretend) should take. Let us first utilize the lawful system to take a gander at the issue close by. The Abortion Act of 1967 states that a British lady is allowed to decide on fetus removal just in the event that it has been confirmed or conceded by two specialists that premature birth is admissible and on the opposite pregnancy would imperil her life just as physical wellbeing condition. Likewise it should be demonstrated that she would be truly happier by experiencing fetus removal than by proceeding with her pregnancy. The financial detriment of the lady is likewise another ground under which premature birth may be conceded. General specialists have the power to conceive an offspring control related counsel just as recommendations towards fetus removal to little youngsters beneath 16. (Francome and Freeman, 2000) The present law with respect to premature birth is likewise determined structure the 1967 Act, then again, actually the residency for the embryos is being diminished. From the legitimate pers pective thusly, the young lady would require the assent of two clinical experts or specialists in the event that she needs to experience premature birth. I being her consultant am qualified for ensure that she needs premature birth however certain jugglery of contentions is

Learn What Happens During Probate

Learn What Happens During Probate We live in a capitalist society where people can own and accumulate property. In such a society, when someone dies, they leave behind an estate â€" property, money, assets, and possessions â€" which has to be distributed to the person’s heirs and beneficiaries. This is usually done in a court of law through a process known as probate.There’s one problem with court procedures… they are usually very complicated!Like many other legal procedures, the probate process can be quite confusing, especially if it is the first time you are going through the process. Depending on whether the decedent left a will or not, or whether there is someone contesting the will, it can also be a long and frustrating process sometimes. Still, it is a necessary process since it ensures that the decedent’s estate is in legal order and that it goes to the rightful persons. Luckily, there are no contestants in most cases, which makes the process pretty straightforward. A good understanding of the process can also make things a lot easier.Before we look at what happens during the probate process, let’s first define what the word means. Probate is defined as the court-supervised process through which the decedent’s last will and testament are authenticated, debts are settled and the legal title to the property held by the decedent is transferred to heirs and beneficiaries.Only property that is owned by the decedent and that which does not pass to others by ownership or designation is subject to the probate process.So, what happens during the probate process?Different states have different laws to determine what is required during probate. However, regardless of the differences in these laws, many of the steps involved are generally very similar.FILING OF PETITION AND NOTIFICATION OF HEIRS AND BENEFICIARIESOnce a person dies (whether they had a will or not), the probate process starts with the filing of a petition to probate the decedent’s estate in a probate court. This process petitions the court to admit the will to probate and either appoint a personal representative or an administrator of the estate, in case the decedent died intestate (without a will).The process of completing and submitting the petition is pretty straightforward. You can easily download the petition forms online, or get them from state courts.In addition to filing the petition, a notice should be given to the decedent’s heirs and beneficiaries about the court hearing regarding the petition. This notice should also be published in local newspapers. The aim of doing this is to notify other interested parties, such as unknown creditors of the decedent, about the court hearing regarding the petition. Any heirs or beneficiaries that have objections to the petition are allowed to present their objections to the court at this point.AUTHENTICATION OF THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENTIf the decedent died testate (with a will), the will is authenticated during the court hearing and confirmed to b e valid. During this hearing, anyone objecting to the will be given a chance to air their objections â€" this could be due to the fact that the will is not drafted property or because the person has in their possession a more recent will.So, how does the court confirm the validity of the submitted will?Authentication is done by checking whether the will was drafted in accordance with the state’s probate code. Normally, a will needs to be signed by the testator (the person making the will) in the presence of two witnesses. These witnesses should also append their signatures to the will.The witnesses serve the purpose of acknowledging that the testator was of “sound mind” at the time of making the will. Without the signatures of two witnesses, the will may be declared invalid by the probate court.In many states, the will is also required to be accompanied by self-proving affidavits. These are notarized documents that are usually signed during the execution of the will. They incl ude an oath by each witness confirming that they were present at the time of execution of the will. If a will is not accompanied by self-proving affidavits, the witnesses will be asked to sign an oath in front of an official of the probate court confirming the authenticity of the will.The heirs of decedent may also challenge the validity of the will in probate court if they believe that something within the will is problematic.Imagine a situation where a man gets a mistress a short while before his death. Upon his death, the man’s children discover that their father disinherited them and declared that his estate should be transferred to the mistress. In such a situation, the children have a right to contest the will.Similarly, if the heirs believe that the signature on the will was forged, they may contest the will, in which case a handwriting expert might be called upon to authenticate the document. A will might also be invalidated if it can be shown that the testator was not of sound mind or was under duress during the execution of the will.In case the probate court declares that the last will and testament of the decedent is invalid, it will be ruled that the decedent died intestate. In such instances, the estate of the decedent will be transferred to heirs and other beneficiaries based on the rules of inheritance established by state law.APPOINTMENT OF PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OR ADMINISTRATOR Once the will has been authenticated and validated, the court will appoint an executor, who is also referred to as a personal representative. In case the will was declared invalid, or in the event that the decedent died intestate, an administrator of the estate will be appointed.The role of the personal representative or administrator is to oversee the probate process and settle the decedent’s estate. In most cases, the executor is chosen by the decedent and his name included in the will.If the decedent died intestate, the court appoints the decedent’s next of k in as the administrator. This is usually the decedent’s spouse or an adult child. The role of administrator is not an obligatory role.A person appointed as administrator is free to decline the role, in which case the court will be required to appoint another person. If there is a dispute over this role, or in the event that the children of the decedent are below legal age, a neutral public administrator will be appointed by the court. Estate funds will be used to pay the public administrator an hourly fee.Once an executor or administrator is officially appointed by the judge, they are given full authority to deal with the estate on behalf of the decedent. They are also issued with a certified court document that is known as the “letters testamentary”, “letters of administration” or the “letters of authority”. This document gives the personal representative the ability to legally enter into transactions on behalf of the estate. Without these document, the personal repre sentative cannot access or close the bank accounts owned by the decedent.It is the role of the personal representative to take immediate action to sensibly invest assets that fall under the estate. The personal representative is required by law to act with caution towards the estate and to always keep the best interests of the beneficiaries at heart. If the personal representative violates this requirement leading to loss or wastage of assets, the court can order him or her to pay compensation to the beneficiaries. On the other hand, if the personal representative makes sensible or appropriate investment decisions that end up resulting in loss of assets nonetheless, he or she will not be held responsible.A good example is a situation where the personal representative invests estate funds in promising stocks, which unfortunately decrease in value due to a general downturn in the market. The personal representative cannot be held responsible in this case. If the personal representativ e were to lose estate funds in risky and speculative investments, however, then he or she would be required to pay compensation to the beneficiaries.Some states will require the personal representative to post bond before accepting the letters of administration. This bond serves as an insurance policy. In case the personal representative commits mistakes- whether deliberately or unknowingly â€" that lead to loss or wastage of assets, this bond is then used to compensate the estate.In exchange for his troubles, the personal representative is entitled to some reasonable compensation. This compensation comes from estate funds and is usually limited to a certain percentage of the estate. In most states, the limitation is 5%, though the fee is subject to the court’s approval. If the fees seems to be too much, considering the effort expended the personal representative, the beneficiaries of the estate can object the fees in court.LOCATION AND VALUATION OF ASSETS After accepting the lett ers of administration, the first step of action for the personal representative is to create an inventory of everything owned by the estate and to take possession of these properties to ensure they are protected during the probate process.The purpose of this inventory is to make known to heirs and beneficiaries all the property and assets owned by the estate, how the property and assets are being held and their approximate value.Depending on the decedent, this can be a straightforward or a challenging process. It is not uncommon for some people to possess assets that no one knows about it. If such a person has not listed such assets in his will, locating such assets might turn out to be quite a task. A good example of such assets is money owed to the estate.If the decedent’s estate includes bank accounts and other such financial assets, the personal representative will need to take them into his possession by presenting the letters of administration to the financial institutions u nder which these accounts are held. If the decedent’s estate includes real estate, the personal representative does not need to take physical control of the property in order to protect it.Still, he or she needs to safeguard the property â€" through payment of taxes, insurance and mortgage payments â€" until the property is transferred to the appropriate heir. If the decedent owned any movable assets, the personal representative might have to take actual possession of these and keep them safe.Once the personal representative has located and taken charge of all assets and properties owned by the estate, he then needs to determine the value of these properties and assets at the time of death. This is usually done through provision of account statements and appraisals by experts. The detail and accuracy of the appraisals will generally depend on the degree of scrutiny being shown by the heirs, beneficiaries and other interested parties.Along the value of each asset, the personal repr esentative should also indicate how the value was arrived at.IDENTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION OF CREDITORSBefore the estate can be distributed amongst heirs and beneficiaries, any creditors owed by the decedent need to be notified and their debts settled.Notices of the death of the decedent should be sent to all known creditors. The notice of death should also be published in local newspapers to notify any creditors that the personal representative does not know about.Notifying creditors about the death of the decedent gives them an opportunity to present any claims they might have, accompanied by supporting proof for these claims.There is a limited period of time during which the creditors must make their claim, which varies between states. If this time limit passes, creditors can no longer make a claim. The personal representative also has the ability to reject a creditor’s claim if he believes the claim is not valid.PAYMENT OF DEBTS AND BILLSIf all the claims presented by the cr editors are valid, the personal representative will make payments to the creditors using funds from the estate. The personal representative will also pay any bills that might have been left behind by the decedent, including the costs and expenses of administration, funeral expenses, hospital bills if the decedent died due to an illness, and all other claims. Before these bills are paid, the surviving spouse and children of the decedent are usually given an allowance from estate funds.This amount given in the allowance varies between different states, and is given regardless of whether the decedent died with or without a will. The personal representative is also required to prepare and pay taxes accrued by the decedent for the year during which he died. The taxes should be paid within 9 months. If the estate has no liquid cash to pay bills and taxes, the personal representative might have to liquidate some assets to accomplish this.ESTATE DISTRIBUTIONWith all taxes, creditors and bil ls paid, and after the required waiting times, the personal representative can now go ahead and transfer the remaining assets of the estate to heirs and beneficiaries as stipulated by the decedent’s last will and testament, or according to state inheritance laws if the decedent died without a will.Before distribution, the personal representative will have to submit a list of all expenses that have been paid from the estate account during the probate process and then petition the probate court for permission to distribute whatever is remaining.Some states allow the beneficiaries to waive the requirement for the personal representative to provide accounting showing how estate assets were managed during the probation process.Once the court issues permission for the remaining assets to be transferred to beneficiaries, the personal representative can now go ahead and draw up new ownership documents for properties, liquidate assets and transfer stocks to appropriate recipients.Unless th e will states otherwise, the personal representative has the discretion to distribute the assets under the estate either in cash or in kind. If there are minors among the beneficiaries of the estate, it is the responsibility of the personal representative to set up trusts to hold the inheritance on behalf of the minors, since minors are not allowed by law to own property.After the remaining assets have been distributed to beneficiaries, the estate can finally be closed. The judge approves the settlements and closes the estate. At this point, the personal representative is no longer required and is relieved of his or her duties.SHOULD YOU HIRE A PROBATE LAWYER?Most probate cases are not really complicated. Majority of the work is usually sorting through the decedent’s papers and making numerous phone calls.   Many of the documents required in court are usually fill-in-the-blanks forms that you can complete easily. If you find yourself appointed as the executor of an estate and no o ne fighting over the estate, you can easily handle the entire process by yourself without having to hire a probate lawyer.Sometimes, however, some complexities might arise during the probate process, making the entire process a lot more challenging. In such instances, it is always a great idea to have a probate lawyer by your side. Below are some situations when it makes sense to hire a probate lawyer.When There Are Potential Disagreements Over The WillSometimes, some of the beneficiaries named in the will might not be in agreement with the terms of the will. Some children might feel that the terms stipulated in the will are not favorable to them. Cases where the decedent had a divorced spouse also commonly result in disagreements.If it seems like a probate case will have potential disagreements, it is best to hire a probate lawyer to help you handle any disputes that might arise from the disagreements.When The Will Needs To Be AlteredIn other instances, the beneficiaries named in a will might not be willing to take some of the property that has been left to them and may wish to have it transferred to others. Such instances require that the will be altered in a court of law.The process of altering a will can be long and complicated, and it is best to have an experienced person advising you on how to deal with such a situation. Alteration of the will might also lead to disagreements, so it best to have a probate lawyer to help you handle any disputes that might come up.When There Is Not Enough Money In The Estate To Cover DebtsSometimes, the estate left by the decedent might not be enough to cover the debts he has left behind. In such situations, you will need to figure out which debts you are going to pay. If you notice in your initial investigation that the estate may not have enough money to cover its debts and taxes, it is best to seek legal advice. A probate lawyer will help you determine which debts to settle first, since state laws prioritize some credit ors over others.Having a probate lawyer can help you navigate the above issues. A probate lawyer can also help you avoid making mistakes in the administration of the estate. Remember, if you make mistakes that lead to loss or wastage of estate assets, you might be personally liable for the losses, even if you made the mistakes unknowingly. With a probate lawyer by your side, it will be easier to avoid such mistakes.IS PROBATE ALWAYS NECESSARY?While the probate process helps ensure that the decedent’s estate goes to the rightful heirs, it is not always necessary for an estate to go through the probate process before being passed on to beneficiaries. In most states, the probate process is not necessary for “small” estates.The assets of small estates can be distributed without the need to go to court. The term “small” is relative and differs from state to state. For example, in California, small estates are those valued at $150,000 or less, while in Nebraska, an estate qualif ies as small if it does not exceed $50,000.Apart from small estates, properties that fall under the following categories do not typically go through probate:Jointly owned properties: If a property is jointly owned with the “right of survivorship”, such property does not go through probate. In the event of death of a co-owner, the ownership of such property automatically transfers to the surviving co-owners. Such properties may include property held by married couples.Designated Beneficiary: Some assets, such as life insurance policies, have a designated beneficiary who is selected to inherit the assets in the event of death of the owner. Such assets transfer to the designated beneficiary immediately and therefore do not go through probate.Trusts: Trusts make it possible for the beneficiaries of the decedent to inherit assets held under the trusts without having to undergo the probate process.WRAPPING UPMost people assume that the probate process is always a complicated and tedio us affair. Unless there are conflicts or controversies concerning the decedent’s estate, the process is pretty straightforward, though it takes some time.In many cases, the major part of the process involves activities that would be conducted even if the probate process was avoided.Probate cases that turn out to be complicated become so, not because of the court’s involvement, but usually because of other complexities that stem from the decedent’s situation.The same complexities would arise even if probate was avoided. Generally, it is a good idea to go through probate, even when it is not required, since this ensures that nothing is left to chance when it comes to fulfilling the wishes of the decedent.

Buddhism Past and Present Essay - 665 Words

Overtime many significant events have shaped history, from natural disasters, wars and the never ending feud of politics they have all played a significant role in history. But there is one that has had the most influential effect of all, religion. Throughout time there has been an abundance of different religions and practices formed over the years, from Christianity to Judaism, each of them having their own impacts on culture and society, one of the major religions that formed was Buddhism. Today we will discuss how Buddhism was founded, the practices of it, and how it has changed as it has entered a new area and interacted with a new people. Buddhism was founded by or Siddhartha Gautama also known as â€Å"Buddha† was born about 2565†¦show more content†¦The Four Noble Truths include suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments, people can understand triumph over weaknesses, and finally triumph is possible by following a simple code of conduct. The Eightfold Path was a path that could lead towards liberations, â€Å"beginning with right conduct and ending with right contemplation† (McKay, 2012). Those who were able to reach the point of liberation would become free from the cycle of birth and death and reach a state known as nirvana, a state of blissful nothingness and freedom (McKay, 2012). To reach nirvana one has to perfume the following, â€Å"believe right, desire right, think right, live right, do the right efforts, think the right thoughts, behave right and to do the right meditation†(Philosophy of Religion). Over twelve centuries after Buddha’s death, early communities transformed into permanent Mona static Institutions in India, it also began to spread through Asia and became commonly recognized by Buddhist scholars, which include Theravada Buddhism or â€Å"the way of the elders† which is very close to the early teachings taught by Buddha. It thrives in areas of Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma and parts of Southwest China. (Namgyal Monastery Institute). Which leads into the final point of how Buddhism has transformed and changed over the years and began to interact with new people. One of the lasting strengths of Buddhism that has become some influential over the years has been theShow MoreRelatedThe Nature Of The Buddhist s Claim Of Suffering1098 Words   |  5 PagesAs a result of asceticism and hedonism being deemed irrational, Buddhism was born, the middle way between the two. Siddhartha Gautama (later known as the Buddha) is the rishi (founder) of Buddhism which is built on the doctrine that humans are forever burdened with suffering or dukkha. The teachings of Buddha serve as a tool to overcome desire, which is the root of all suffering. In this paper, the nature of the Buddhist’s claim of suffering will be dissected and further examined along with the ideaRead MoreBuddhism, The Practical, Theatrical, And Its Social Aspects Of Buddhism1224 Words   |  5 PagesPractitioners of Buddhism practice in many varying ways based off their geographical and social conditions.The real practice of any Buddhist is to concern themselves with their spiritual at titude that affects themselves and their community. Meditation is used to refocus the mind to develop a greater mental state. Buddhism can be defined as:the path, and livelihood to practice the spiritual development that leads to the true nature of oneself and reality. The basics of Buddhism: there are no fixedRead MoreBuddhism And Its Effect On Society842 Words   |  4 PagesBuddhism originates from Hinduism, and thus it advocates samsaric cycle driven by karma (intentional action). Yet, it is distinct from Hinduism because it denies the existence of unchanging, eternal essence of human personality based on the doctrine of the impermanence of all compounded phenomena (197, 201). In Buddhism, there is nothing to be permanent and unaffected (203). Even if someone perceives his/her self as an unchanging core, such a feeling/perception is nothing but a result of an interactionRead MoreWhat Is Buddhism?1046 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Buddhism? Buddhism is a path of teaching and practice. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhist tradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for all those who wish to follow the path of spiritual development. Ultimately, the Buddhist path culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood. Who was the Buddha? 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Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhist tradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for all those who wish to follow the path of spiritual development. Ultimately, the Buddhist path culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood. Who was theRead MoreComparing Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana644 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the difference between Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana in relation to both Hinduism and Buddhism. Karma is the connotation of causality that past actions influence future events. This is the same for both Buddhism and Hinduism. Both also believe in an endless cycle of births known as endless cycle of births, known as samsara. and release from this cycle of rebirths. 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Human Rights Form The Crux Of Human Civilization - 985 Words

Human rights form the crux of human civilization. Without their paramount guidelines, humanity would collapse upon itself in a corrupted heap of carnage. Despite the importance of these right that were formatted by the United Nations, not every man or woman abides by them around the world. There are terrorist organizations that treat humans less than dirt, sex-traffickers that exploit young, defenseless children, and slavery that still occurs in the twenty-first century. Fighting the threat of inhumanity is a tough battle because countless individuals are brought up believing that it s their way or the highway. Understanding how to cope with others by treating them like your fellow citizen is the most quintessential task everyone on earth should abide by. Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, â€Å"No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.† This seems like such a reasonable rule to follow, but terro rist groups such as ISIS have been dismembering this rule, along with countless others. Why do people act this way, and can they even be considered people if they break it? Even though these kind of terrorist acts are being done far away from home, we are still getting the news. We are getting this information into our houses through news outlets. Despite the United Nation s efforts to relay this human right, it is being broken day by day and we are listening to it on our televisions or radios. Perhaps byShow MoreRelatedThe Skeptic Theory of Morality in International Relations Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesHiroshima, not answering the call for help in Rwanda, allowing Germany to take over Czechoslovakia, supporting the creation of the state of Israel, giving out loans (with interest) to developing countries, and the creation of the United Nations are all forms of international interference and cooperation amongst states. When looking at these examples and many more, it begs the q uestion, does morality play a role in international affairs of a state? George Kennan, a prominent Skeptic, would argue that inRead MoreJohn Lawrence s Philosophy Of Anti Materialism1445 Words   |  6 Pagesand hints at societies tendency to blindly follow and expected mold. Conformity is defined as â€Å"action in accordance with some specified standard or authority† (Merriam-Webster). Conformity is the antithesis of Lawrence’s ideology. How did Lawrence form this ideology? 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He continued to believe that only when the dignity of the worker and the respect for intelligence are accorded their rightful place can human existence hope to realize its highest ideals, and our life find the collective meaning and purpose that alone can truly sustain us in the face of an infinite and indifferent universe. Celebrating individuality, our age invites us to express our

Ramses II’s Victory Free Essays

The victory of Ramses II over the Khita’s was probably one of the greatest stories of Egyptian literary works on war that had survived thousands of years to convey to us, the present generation, the underlying truths on how the centuries-past generations of Egyptians had regarded their Pharaohs: as a leader, a warrior, a general, and a man-god. WAR The poem starts with the king of Khita, together with his enormous armies and chariots, laid in wait for an ambush on the Egyptian Pharaoh. He had his armies divide into two groups, the first initiated a surprise attack on the Legion of Hormakhu, south of Kadesh, and successfully annihilated the Egyptian armies in that town who were not expecting such an attack (Halshall, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Ramses II’s Victory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon being informed of the tragedy that befell his troops, Ramses II quickly readied himself for war, donning his weapons and armors, and galloping on his majestic horses. But soon he found himself in the middle of the Hittite army; completely surrounded and alone, in an impossible battle between 2,500 chariots against one (Halshall, 1998). Due perhaps to his imminent defeat and utter helplessness, the Pharaoh-god called upon his deceased father for help. Enumerating the many glorious monuments, temples, shrines, and sacrificial offerings he had made for the glory of the deceased former god/Pharaoh Ammon, his father (Poem of Pentaur, 2003). And behold! Ammon had heard his cry from the temple of Hermonthis and had come for his beloved son for help. With strength as the sun-god Ra, and arms as strong as hundreds of thousands of men, Ammon found grace in Ramses II’s valor and bravery, and allowed for Ramses II to use Ammon’s god-strength in defeating the Hittites. And when Ramses II, alone except for his charioteer, Menna, finally assaulted the 2,500 strong enemy, the entire Khita army, together with their king, were stunned, frozen with fea r, unable to wield their sword and spear, for Ramses II fought with the spirit of a god. And when the day had come to pass, Egypt’s Pharaoh was able to slay each and every army of the Khita. No one was able to escape alive, each and everyone was fell by the Pharaoh. Propagandistic Element The Battle of Kadesh, as written by the ancient Egyptian authorities during Ramses’ reign, was a literature made for propagandistic purpose. Perhaps the ruler’s aim, other than for the citizens’ assertion of their belief of the Pharaoh as a god-man, was also to use this as a psychological tool on other nations against planning an invasion against Egypt. These types of exploits of Egypt’s Pharaohs being engraved on the walls of temples further amplify the effect of invincibility and immortality of the rulers of Egypt, by making it as a monument for all nations to see. Such is the case in one of the walls (Fig. 1. 1) where Egyptian chariotry is engaged in a battle between Hittite foot soldiers, when in actuality based on facts, it had been Hittites’ tradition to do battle using chariots (Battle of Kadesh, 2003). Thus, using politics in asserting control and obedience over the populace, as well as in warfare, rulers of ancient kingdoms often relied on exaggerated literature on war-victories as a means in achieving these. In the modern history, we have witnessed similar propagandistic methods used by governments, usually in defense of its purpose in declaring war: Hitler’s Arian race ideology, Marx’s and Lenin’s Russian Proletariat Revolution, the Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Vietnam War, Desert Storm, and so forth. Almost always, the adage that goes, the victors write history, is appropriate. How to cite Ramses II’s Victory, Papers

Women in Sports

Sports and athletics have always been a male domain and female athletes have always struggled to be taken seriously. Women are perceived as frail and delicate beings and they are not supposed to participate in activities that involve any kind of physicality. The traditional female roles require that women be limited to their homes and kitchens and their main interests be limited to looking sexy and getting married.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bend it Like Beckham explores the problems faced by two women who want to pursue their passion in soccer but are conflicted by the traditionally expected role of women in society. Jesminder â€Å"Jess† Bhamara played by Parminder Nagra and Juliette â€Å"Jules† Paxton played by Keira Knightley are the two soccer crazy women who each face and overcome family and social pressures as they pursue their passion. T he biggest obstacle for women wanting to pursue a sporting career is that they are expected to be feminine while athletic women are considered to be masculine and hence sports are not considered an ideal career choice for women. The societal expectations from women make it difficult for them to pursue a career in sports and when they do go against the tradition to pursue their sporting dreams they are either not taken seriously or seen as less feminine than the more traditional women. Jess’ and Jules’ parents consider their interest in soccer to be a temporary phase and expect them to outgrow their â€Å"childish† pursuits and eventually get married and settle into domesticity. Both Jess and Jules are expected to spend more time on their grooming so that they may be able to attract men and eventually get married. Jules’ mother is horrified that her daughter does not dress in a more feminine manner and does not date any boys. On the other hand, Jessâ€℠¢ parents want her to learn cooking so that she can become a good wife. Both sets of parents are concerned that their grown up daughters may not be feminine enough to get a good husband. Irrespective of their cultural background, marriage is the ultimate destiny for women. When women dare to deviate from this path they are looked at suspiciously. And when they want to pursue a career that is predominantly male, they must be reprimanded and made to mend their ways. Sports, especially rough sports like soccer, that require athletes to sweat and bleed and can cause injuries that may render them unsuitable to carry out their marital duties are definitely off-limits for women.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of these apprehensions against women playing sports may stem from a misguided myth that rough sports may injure a woman’s reproductive health (Daniels 335). The myth c ould explain, in part, why younger girls are still tolerated if they indulge in active sports, but as they grow older, they are expected to become more serious about life. For women, this invariably means getting married and settling down. Jess’ mother berates her that she is too old to be playing around with boys. Obviously, while it was alright for her to play soccer as a child, as a young women, indulging in a masculine past time makes her less feminine and hence less likely to find a suitable husband. Similarly, Jules’ mother is distraught that Jules is not interested in shopping, an acceptable past time for women. When women do not outgrow their passion for sports and insist on becoming a professional athlete, they have to overcome a mountain of opposition, which may start right at home. Another reason why Jess and Jules face stiff opposition when they decide to pursue a sporting career is because women are supposed to have a different set of priorities than men. A sporting career is time consuming and involves travel hours of practice. Such a time consuming career can be difficult to manage for anyone and can be a cause for stress. But for a woman, it can be even more stressful since they are expected to help out at home a lot more than men are. Jess laments that a boy never has to stay back to help out with housework. Because a women’s ultimate role in society is to get married and have children, she cannot be expected to be pursue a time consuming career option. These different life priorities for man and women mean that while it is alright for men to be away from home for long periods of time, women cannot leave home without seriously jeopardizing their domestic life. Hence, a young girl must concentrate on learning skills that would be helpful to her as a married woman while a young boy must get skills that would help him earn a living. These traditional gender roles may seem inappropriate in the modern world where women demand e quality in everything. However, even today, few women are able to truly pursue a career without worrying about their family obligations. Under the circumstance, a woman wanting to pursue a sporting career, which is inherently time consuming can cause great conflicts between the traditionally expected female roles and their careers. Jules and Jess are perceived as too masculine which could be because women attempting to make their mark in a rough sport like soccer may intentionally try to subdue their femininity so that they may be taken seriously. This means that they try to take an aggressive stance like men might do when challenged, instead of trying to handle problems in a more civilized manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sports and aggression go hand in hand and many famous sports personality often have hot tempers. Such an aggression is never acceptable, whether in boys or girls. But as women try to imitate men, they may take on this aggression, not only to seem more masculine but also to protect themselves in a male dominated environment. Since men are expected to be aggressive, when women become aggressive, they tend to become more acceptable in the men’s world. So when Jess is abused by a racial slur, she becomes physically violent with the abuser. Her violent reaction is not only on being abused but a direct result of playing a masculine sport wherein she has to constantly fight and prove herself. Her aggression is a the result of her frustration with a system that does not give her the same rights as men. While there is no reason why women cannot play rough and aggressive games like soccer, women should guard against imitating male aggression in order to become more acceptable in a male-dominated sport. Jules and Jess are mistaken for homosexuals indicating that when women participate in aggressive and rough traditional ly male sports like soccer they can lose their femininity leading to an identity crisis. Jules has no interest in wearing sexy, feminine clothes or in shopping and her mother misinterprets this to mean that Jules and Jess are lesbian. While the movie gives a humorous touch to this mistake, Daniels points out that â€Å"the athlete epitomizes masculinity†¦ (so) the female athlete must be masculine† (346). In other words, if a woman wants to engage in an activity that is by definition masculine, than she must want to be man and hence women athletes must be lesbians (Daniels 346). Under the circumstance, Jules’ mother’s error in thinking that Jules and Jess are lesbians may be a direct result of a social phenomenon that accepts female athletes only if they, in some way, do not conform to the acceptable social norm, in this case that of heterosexuality. Jules’ mother even blames soccer for her daughter’s homosexuality suggesting that if Jules had not participated in such a masculine sport she may be more feminine and heterosexual. In other words, since aggressive sports is associated with masculinity, participating in such a sport is supposed to make a person so masculine and hence homosexual. This over-simplification of homosexuality is because humans have a need to put everything in neat boxes and when something or someone does not fit, they must be labeled in a way so that society can reconcile them with the known labels.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, when women want to pursue a career in sports, they always face stiff opposition in a society that equates sports with masculinity and hence does not find a place for woman in the tight sporting circles. This opposition to female athletes starts right at home where parents and relatives often discourage young girls for pursuing a sporting career as it would mean being perceived as masculine and even a lesbian. A woman’s acceptable role in society is that of a wife and a mother and when a woman deviates from these traditional roles, she faces an uphill task in proving herself. As such, a female athlete has to fight much more than a male athlete as she not only has to fight for her place in the team but also fight for her right to be an athlete. Works Cited Bend it Like Beckham. Dir. Gurinder Chadda. Perf. Parminder Nagra, Keira Knightley. Kintop Pictures. 2002. DVD. Daniels, Dayna B. â€Å"You Throw Like a Girl: Sports and Misogyny on the Silver Screen.† C elluloid Dreams: How Film Shapes America. Eds. Chris M. Ramos, David T. Mayeda and Lisa Pasko. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing, 2010. 335-346. Print. This essay on Women in Sports was written and submitted by user Nicholas Mccoy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.